Your heart rate is one of the best indicators of how hard your body is working during a workout. Using heart rate zones is therefore a great way to monitor how hard you’re training and it’s easy to see why they’ve been a popular training tool for Triathletes for years. Doing it right can improve performance.
Working smarter, not harder
Before you get started, it’s important to understand that an effective plan is all about balance. By creating a workout schedule with some intense days and some days that are gentler, you’ll maximise your results while also lowering the risk of strain or injury. This isn’t a ‘no pain, no gain’ approach but rather a ‘work smarter, not harder’ strategy.
It’s an approach I have taken the last 8 years, I was inspired to take up sport after watching the event at the London 2012 Olympics, I set out on my journey. It wasn’t easy – I didn’t come from a sporting background and couldn’t swim – and I knew he had to be smart when it came to my training.
For most people, they are under the impression that they should go hard in every session. The most common thought is ‘if I train hard and fast, I will get faster’, but that is not the case. You need to be clever in your training… We all know that well-known saying ‘go slow to get fast’.
Choosing the right tech
Another key starting point when you’re training by heart rate is to make sure that you’ve got the right tech to measure it with. This way, you’ll be constantly aware of your beats per minute (BPM) – the essential metric for this type of training.
There are a few different options when it comes to heart rate monitors. You can wear one on your chest, your arm, or your wrist. So how do they differ?
The classic chest strap uses an electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure your heart rate. It can then be connected to a combination of devices, including your sports watch, bike computer, fitness app, and/or gym equipment to give you a real-time measurement of your heart rate.
The arm strap works in a similar way with your devices, but uses optical heart rate tracking instead – just like the fitness watch on your wrist. Your watch differs from the chest and arm straps in that you don’t need any other devices because all the information you need for checking your heart rate is right there on the screen.
Using heart rate zones for exercise
Identifying your maximum heart rate
In order to get the most out of heart rate training, you need to find out what your maximum heart rate as mentioned in previous blogs. This can be done by taking a VO2 test in a lab or at home by running as fast as you can with a heart rate monitor and then taking the max from there. Don’t use the 220 minus age formula it was proven wrong.
Understanding heart rate zones
There are five different heart rate zones (1–5) and your training plan can (and should) include workouts in all five zones. The following chart from the Polar website shows the level of intensity and percentage of maximum heart rate used within each heart rate zone. You can also see the different effects that each zone will have on your body.
Many of the pros train within heart rate zone 2 or power zone 2 on the bike. But why is zone 2 training so beneficial?
The main benefit is that it builds aerobic base and endurance. By improving aerobic capacity, this improves your ability to maintain a faster pace for a longer period of time. Of course, you still need to do the higher intensity efforts, but zone 2 is the basis and foundation from which to begin to build your faster pace.
If you have a strong aerobic capacity, it will also allow you to recover quicker between those higher intensity efforts. Zone 2 training should be a big bulk of your weekly training.
Adding variation to your workout
Variation is another important aspect, if you want to improve your fitness or become a better. When it comes to your heart rate zone training, paying attention to the key differences indicated by heart rate zones will ensure that you get the most out of what you put in.
An effective training plan will include different types of workouts with varying frequency, duration and intensity spaced out so that you have time to recover. This means that some workouts should be short and intense, some long and light, and some can even be long and tough. It’s the variety that makes your workout regimen effective.
What I like about heart rate zones is that if you train for 60 minutes (for example, at the same heart rate on two consecutive days) your distance/pace will be different because your heart rate is based on how your body feels on the day. So, if you’re tired then when you cycle it’s likely your heart rate with be higher and therefore speed will be slower. So this is why it’s important to train with heart rate.
This blog is about a basic understanding why using heart rate is important.